ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• New machine learning-assisted method rapidly classifies quantum sources
• Dietary changes could produce big offsets to carbon emissions
• Quirky response to magnetism presents quantum physics mystery
• Antibiotic molecule enables immune system to kill HIV infected cells
• Safeguarding of key DNA sensor in innate immune system
• Researchers publish striking images of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells
• Multiphase buffering by ammonia explains wide range of atmospheric aerosol acidity
• New Hubble data suggests there is an ingredient missing from current dark matter theories
• Seven in 10 Americans willing to get COVID-19 vaccine, survey finds
• Systematic approach crucial for person-centred care
• High-precision electrochemistry: The new gold standard in fuel cell catalyst development
• Fatter legs linked to reduced risk of high blood pressure
• Gut microbiome data may be helpful in routine screening of cardiovascular disease
• Research on the impact of ACE-i and ARBs for patients with COVID-19 continues to evolve
• Analysis of Australian labradoodle genome reveals an emphasis on the 'oodle'
• Antibody responses in COVID-19 patients could guide vaccine design
• Odors produced by soil microbes attract red fire ants to safer nest sites
• Loss of sea otters accelerating the effects of climate change
• High-fidelity record of Earth's climate history puts current changes in context
• New genetic analysis method could advance personal genomics
• COVID-19 may have been in LA as early as last December, study suggests
• GTEx Consortium releases fresh insights into how DNA differences govern gene expression
• Seeing the eye like never before
• Colors evoke similar feelings around the world
• How coronavirus took hold in North America and in Europe
• How loss of single gene fuels deadly childhood brain cancer
• Nonharmful stress protects against disease in offspring
• Jupiter's moons could be warming each other
• Inexpensive, non-toxic nanofluid could be a game-changer for oil recovery
• Unique supernova explosion
• $500 billion question: What's the value of studying the ocean's biological carbon pump?
• Loss of a pet can potentially trigger mental health issues in children
• People are behind costly, increasing risk of wildfire to millions of homes
• Emotion vocabulary reflects state of well-being
• Diamondback moth uses plant defense substances as oviposition cues
• DNA-based nanotechnology stimulates potent antitumor immune responses
• Addicted to the sun? Research shows it's in your genes
• Levodopa may improve vision in patients with macular degeneration
• Understanding Earth's 'deep-carbon cycle'
• Autistic adults have a higher rate of physical health conditions, study finds
• Coming up for air: Extinct sea scorpions could breathe out of water, fossil detective unveils
• Pain tolerance among cannabis users
• Detailed picture of US bachelor's programs in computing
• Experiments reveal why human-like robots elicit uncanny feelings
• Nanophysics: Spectral classification of excitons
• Research sheds light on earliest stages of Angelman syndrome
• Human norovirus strains differ in sensitivity to the body's first line of defense
• Epigenetic changes precede onset of diabetes
• Binge-drinkers' brains have to work harder to feel empathy for others
• Anti-bacterial graphene face masks
• The surprising rhythms of Leopards: Females are early birds, males are nocturnal
• Bumblebees benefit from faba bean cultivation
• How do people prefer coronavirus contact tracing to be carried out?
• For job seekers with disabilities, soft skills don't impress in early interviews
• Children will wait to impress others -- another twist on the classic marshmallow test
• COVID-19 study links strict social distancing to much lower chance of infection
• How chemical diversity in plants facilitates plant-animal interactions
• Concussion discovery reveals dire, unknown effect of even mild brain injuries
• Superconductors are super resilient to magnetic fields
• Mutant tomato helps to crack the secrets of fruiting

New machine learning-assisted method rapidly classifies quantum sources Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT Engineers have created a new machine learning-assisted method that could make quantum photonic circuit development more efficient by rapidly pre-selecting these solid-state quantum emitters.

Dietary changes could produce big offsets to carbon emissions Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT Eating less meat and dairy products in favor of plant-based proteins like those found in grains, legumes and nuts could make a huge difference in how much carbon dioxide reaches the atmosphere.

Quirky response to magnetism presents quantum physics mystery Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT Scientists describe the quirky behavior of one such magnetic topological insulator. The new article includes experimental evidence that intrinsic magnetism in the bulk of manganese bismuth telluride (MnBi2Te4) also extends to the electrons on its electrically conductive surface. Such materials could be just right for making qubits, but this one doesn't obey the rules.

Antibiotic molecule enables immune system to kill HIV infected cells Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT A class of antibiotic molecules called pleicomacrolides inhibit the Nef protein, which HIV uses to evade the body's immune system.

Safeguarding of key DNA sensor in innate immune system Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT New research reveals in detail how the nucleosomes inside our cells block cGAS from unintentionally triggering the body's innate immune response to our own DNA.

Researchers publish striking images of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells Posted: 10 Sep 2020 02:18 PM PDT The UNC School of Medicine lab of Camille Ehre, PhD, generated high-powered microscopic images showing startlingly high SARS-CoV-2 viral loads on human respiratory surfaces, ready to spread infection in infected individuals and transmit infection to others.

Multiphase buffering by ammonia explains wide range of atmospheric aerosol acidity Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Anthropogenic ammonia emissions and the water content matter more than dry particle composition for the acidity of atmospheric aerosols in populated regions.

New Hubble data suggests there is an ingredient missing from current dark matter theories Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Recent observations have found that something may be missing from the theories of how dark matter behaves. This missing ingredient may explain why researchers have uncovered an unexpected discrepancy between observations of the dark matter concentrations in a sample of massive galaxy clusters and theoretical computer simulations of how dark matter should be distributed in clusters.

Seven in 10 Americans willing to get COVID-19 vaccine, survey finds Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Almost seven in 10 Americans would be interested in receiving a COVID-19 vaccine when one becomes available, according to a new study. But researchers say there are concerning gaps in interest, particularly among Black Americans, who suffer disproportionately from the virus.

Systematic approach crucial for person-centred care Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Systematic efforts and a clear structure are decisive factors in the transition to person-centred health care. A new study reflects what is now a decade of experience and research in the field.

High-precision electrochemistry: The new gold standard in fuel cell catalyst development Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Scientists have made a pivotal discovery that could extend the lifetime of fuel cells that power electric vehicles by eliminating the dissolution of platinum catalysts.

Fatter legs linked to reduced risk of high blood pressure Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Adults with a higher percentage of fat tissue in their legs were less likely than those with a lower percentage to have high blood pressure. Research findings held true even after adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol use, cholesterol levels and waist fat, although to a lesser degree.

Gut microbiome data may be helpful in routine screening of cardiovascular disease Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Previous studies have found the human gut microbiome, bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study used machine learning to analyze data from nearly 1,000 stool samples from people with and without CVD. Results show potential for developing a convenient, new diagnostic approach for CVD.

Research on the impact of ACE-i and ARBs for patients with COVID-19 continues to evolve Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Low blood pressure, or hypotension, in COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension appears to be a risk factor for kidney damage and death. Reducing hypertension medications if and when COVID-19 patients become hypotensive could prevent acute kidney injury and death, according to a new study. A different study confirmed hypertension is the most common co-existing disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A third, small study found hospitalized, COVID-19 patients previously taking the blood pressure-lowering drugs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are more likely to die than those who were not taking the medications.

Analysis of Australian labradoodle genome reveals an emphasis on the 'oodle' Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT The creator of the Australian labradoodle set out to mix poodles and Labrador retrievers to develop a hypoallergic service dog. But, according to a new study, the breed that developed from that cross is primarily poodle.

Antibody responses in COVID-19 patients could guide vaccine design Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT A comprehensive analysis of antibody responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients could inform the development of an effective vaccine, according to a new study.

Odors produced by soil microbes attract red fire ants to safer nest sites Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Newly mated queens of the red fire ant select nest sites with a relatively low pathogen risk by detecting odors produced by soil bacteria that inhibit the growth of ant-infecting fungi, according to a new study.

Loss of sea otters accelerating the effects of climate change Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT The impacts of predator loss and climate change are combining to devastate living reefs that have defined Alaskan kelp forests for centuries, according to new research.

High-fidelity record of Earth's climate history puts current changes in context Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Scientists have compiled a continuous, high-fidelity record of variations in Earth's climate extending 66 million years into the past. The record reveals four distinctive climate states, which the researchers dubbed Hothouse, Warmhouse, Coolhouse, and Icehouse. These major climate states persisted for millions and sometimes tens of millions of years, and within each one the climate shows rhythmic variations corresponding to changes in Earth's orbit around the sun.

New genetic analysis method could advance personal genomics Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:03 PM PDT Geneticists could identify the causes of disorders that currently go undiagnosed if standard practices for collecting individual genetic information were expanded to capture more variants that researchers can now decipher, concludes new research.

COVID-19 may have been in LA as early as last December, study suggests Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT Researchers detected an unexpected 50 percent increase in patients presenting with respiratory illnesses at UCLA Health facilities in the months before the pandemic.

GTEx Consortium releases fresh insights into how DNA differences govern gene expression Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT Scientists have completed a wide-ranging set of studies documenting how small changes in DNA sequence can impact gene expression across more than four dozen tissues in the human body. These studies, released in a set of 15 articles, constitute the most comprehensive catalog to date of genetic variations that affect gene expression.

Seeing the eye like never before Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT In a big step for ophthalmology, scientists created a method to view the inner workings of the eye and its diseases at the cellular level. Currently, researchers can only see a broad section of the retina. This new technology allows them to zoom into just one part of a cell. In their words, they have accelerated the process for vision restoration.

Colors evoke similar feelings around the world Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT People all over the world associate colors with emotions. In fact, people from different parts of the world often associate the same colors with the same emotions. This was the result of a detailed survey of 4,598 participants from 30 nations over six continents, carried out by an international research team.

How coronavirus took hold in North America and in Europe Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT Early interventions were effective at stamping out coronavirus infections before they spread, according to a new study. Combining virus genomics with epidemiologic simulations and travel records, the research shows that in both the United States and in Europe, sustained transmission networks became established only after separate introductions of the virus that went undetected.

How loss of single gene fuels deadly childhood brain cancer Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT Researchers describe how the functional loss of a single gene negatively impacts neural development and promotes the growth of a particularly deadly form of pediatric brain cancer.

Nonharmful stress protects against disease in offspring Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT Researchers report what is believed to be the first study in a mammalian model documenting the reprogramming of heritability to promote disease resilience in the next generation.

Jupiter's moons could be warming each other Posted: 10 Sep 2020 12:02 PM PDT The gravitational push and pull by Jupiter's moons could account for more warming than the gas giant Jupiter alone.

Inexpensive, non-toxic nanofluid could be a game-changer for oil recovery Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:40 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated that an inexpensive and non-toxic nanofluid can be used to efficiently recover even heavy oil with high viscosity from reservoirs.

Unique supernova explosion Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:04 AM PDT Astronomers have discovered a supernova that could help uncover the origins of the group of supernovae this star belongs to.

$500 billion question: What's the value of studying the ocean's biological carbon pump? Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:04 AM PDT A new study puts an economic value on the benefit of research to improve knowledge of the biological carbon pump and reduce the uncertainty of ocean carbon sequestration estimates.

Loss of a pet can potentially trigger mental health issues in children Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:04 AM PDT The death of a family pet can trigger a sense of grief in children that is profound and prolonged, and can potentially lead to subsequent mental health issues.

People are behind costly, increasing risk of wildfire to millions of homes Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:04 AM PDT People are starting almost all the wildfires that threaten US homes, according to an innovative new analysis combining housing and wildfire data. Through activities like debris burning, equipment use and arson, humans were responsible for igniting 97% of home-threatening wildfires, researchers report.

Emotion vocabulary reflects state of well-being Posted: 10 Sep 2020 10:04 AM PDT The vast way in which you describe your emotions can reveal your lived experience and wellness status.

Diamondback moth uses plant defense substances as oviposition cues Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Researchers showed that isothiocyanates produced by cruciferous plants to fend off pests serve as oviposition cues. The scientists identified two olfactory receptors whose sole function is to detect these defense substances and to guide female moths to the ideal sites to lay their eggs. They uncovered the molecular mechanism that explains why some insects that specialize in feeding on certain host plants are attracted by substances that are supposed to keep pests away.

DNA-based nanotechnology stimulates potent antitumor immune responses Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Combining their expertise in protein engineering and synthetic DNA technology, scientists successfully delivered nanoparticle antitumor vaccines that stimulated robust CD8 T cell immunity and controlled melanoma growth in preclinical models.

Addicted to the sun? Research shows it's in your genes Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Sun-seeking behavior is linked to genes involved in addiction, behavioral and personality traits and brain function, according to a study of more than 260,000 people.

Levodopa may improve vision in patients with macular degeneration Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Investigators have determined that treating patients with an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with levodopa, a safe and readily available drug commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease, stabilized and improved their vision. It reduced the number of treatments necessary to maintain vision, and as such, will potentially reduce the burden of treating the disease, financially and otherwise.

Understanding Earth's 'deep-carbon cycle' Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT New geologic findings about the makeup of the Earth's mantle are helping scientists better understand long-term climate stability and even how seismic waves move through the planet's layers.

Autistic adults have a higher rate of physical health conditions, study finds Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Autistic individuals are more likely to have chronic physical health conditions, particularly heart, lung, and diabetic conditions, according to a new study.

Coming up for air: Extinct sea scorpions could breathe out of water, fossil detective unveils Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT Through computed tomography (CT) imaging, geologists found evidence of air breathing in a 340 million-year-old sea scorpion, or eurypterid.

Pain tolerance among cannabis users Posted: 10 Sep 2020 09:01 AM PDT A recent study examining pain among cannabis users suggests that -- unlike long-term opioid use -- regular cannabis use does not appear to increase pain sensitivity.

Detailed picture of US bachelor's programs in computing Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT With the aim of providing a comprehensive look at computing education, the study includes information on enrollments, degree completions, faculty demographics, and faculty salaries.

Experiments reveal why human-like robots elicit uncanny feelings Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Experiments reveal a dynamic process that leads to the uncanny valley, with implications for both the design of robots and for understanding how we perceive one another as humans.

Nanophysics: Spectral classification of excitons Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Ultrathin layers of tungsten diselenide have potential applications in opto-electronics and quantum technologies. Researchers have now explored how this material interacts with light in the presence of strong magnetic fields.

Research sheds light on earliest stages of Angelman syndrome Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT New research provides insights into the earliest stages of Angelman syndrome. The work also demonstrates how human cerebral organoids can be used to shed light on genetic disorders that affect human development.

Human norovirus strains differ in sensitivity to the body's first line of defense Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Human norovirus strains differ in sensitivity to interferon, one of the body's first line of defense.

Epigenetic changes precede onset of diabetes Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Epigenetic changes in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas can be detected in patients several years before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. These changes are responsible for the altered methylation activity of specific genes which differs from that in healthy individuals. In humans, 105 such changes have been discovered in blood cells.

Binge-drinkers' brains have to work harder to feel empathy for others Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT New research shows that binge-drinkers' brains have to put more effort into trying to feel empathy for other people in pain.

Anti-bacterial graphene face masks Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Researchers have successfully produced laser-induced graphene masks with an anti-bacterial efficiency of 80 percent, which can be enhanced to almost 100 percent within 10 minutes under sunlight. Initial tests also showed very promising results in the deactivation of two species of coronaviruses. The graphene masks are easily produced at low cost, and can help to resolve the problems of sourcing raw materials and disposing of non-biodegradable masks.

The surprising rhythms of Leopards: Females are early birds, males are nocturnal Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT After 10 months of camera surveillance in the Tanzanian rainforest, researchers have concluded that female and male leopards are active at very different times of the day. The discovery contradicts previous assumptions and could be used to help protect the endangered feline, whose populations have dwindled by 85 percent over the past century.

Bumblebees benefit from faba bean cultivation Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT About one third of payments received by farmers are linked to 'greening measures' to promote biodiversity. These have been criticized because the benefits for biodiversity are unclear. Researchers investigated whether the cultivation of faba beans (Vicia faba - broad bean or fava bean) can support wild bees. They found that bumblebees benefit from cultivating faba beans, while other wild bees depend on semi-natural habitats.

How do people prefer coronavirus contact tracing to be carried out? Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT New research shows that people prefer coronavirus contact tracing to be carried out by a combination of apps and humans.

For job seekers with disabilities, soft skills don't impress in early interviews Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT A new study finds that job candidates with disabilities are more likely to make a positive first impression on prospective employers when they promote technical skills rather than soft skills, such as their ability to lead others.

Children will wait to impress others -- another twist on the classic marshmallow test Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT When it comes to self-control, young children are better able to resist temptation and wait for greater rewards if they take into consideration the opinions of others.

COVID-19 study links strict social distancing to much lower chance of infection Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Using public transportation, visiting a place of worship, or otherwise traveling from the home is associated with a significantly higher likelihood of testing positive with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, while practicing strict social distancing is associated with a markedly lower likelihood.

How chemical diversity in plants facilitates plant-animal interactions Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT 'As we continue to lose global biodiversity, we are also losing chemical diversity and the chance for discovery,' said a researcher.

Concussion discovery reveals dire, unknown effect of even mild brain injuries Posted: 10 Sep 2020 08:08 AM PDT Even mild concussions cause severe and long-lasting impairments in the brain's ability to clean itself, and this may seed it for Alzheimer's, dementia and other neurodegenerative problems.

Superconductors are super resilient to magnetic fields Posted: 10 Sep 2020 07:06 AM PDT A professor provides a new theoretical mechanism that explains the ability of superconductive materials to bounce back from being exposed to a magnetic field. This work may lead to energy systems that operate without resistive losses. It is also useful for building qubits for quantum computers.

Mutant tomato helps to crack the secrets of fruiting Posted: 10 Sep 2020 07:06 AM PDT Researchers have found that fruit development in tomatoes rewires their central metabolism. The plant hormone gibberellin, which regulates major parts of plant development, triggers the process of fruiting. Using a mutant strain of tomato that is highly sensitive to gibberellin, the study showed that the central metabolism pathway in tomatoes was consistently rewired via gibberellin activity. These results could lead to new production strategies, such as breeding seedless fruit.

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