ScienceDaily: Latest Science News

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• Researchers look for answers as to why western bumblebees are declining
• Asteroid impact, not volcanoes, made the Earth uninhabitable for dinosaurs
• Team dramatically reduces image analysis times using deep learning, other approaches
• New eye drops may prevent a common cause of blindness
• Microbiome confers resistance to cholera
• SwRI scientists demonstrate speed, precision of in situ planetary dating device
• Artificial intelligence identifies, locates seizures in real-time
• The gut shields the liver from fructose-induced damage
• Historic floods reveal how salt marshes can protect us
• Excessive sugar intake linked with unhealthy fat deposits
• Declining eyesight improved by looking at deep red light
• New solar forecasting model performs best
• The magnetic history of ice
• Ladder falls have long-lasting consequences for older men
• Quantum physics provides a way to hide ignorance
• Study finds exercise increases benefits of breast milk for babies
• New extinct family of giant wombat relatives discovered in Australian desert
• Bioengineered uteri support pregnancy
• Air pollution's connection to infant mortality
• Producing a gaseous messenger molecule inside the body, on demand
• Global warming will cause ecosystems to produce more methane than first predicted
• Multifunctional nanofiber protects against explosions, extreme temps
• Why some words may be more memorable than others
• Laser-welded sugar: Sweet way to 3D-print blood vessels
• Wearable-tech glove translates sign language into speech in real time
• Engineers use 'DNA origami' to identify vaccine design rules
• New 3D model shows how the paradise tree snake uses aerial undulation to fly
• Even minor heart defects are associated with long-term problems in adulthood
• Wrapping up hydrophobic hydration
• Responses to cyberbullying
• How volcanoes explode in the deep sea
• Bleaching affects aquarium corals, too
• Clostridium difficile: Fecal microbial transplantation more effective and less costly than antibiotics
• Engineered immune cells recognize, attack human and mouse solid-tumor cancer cells
• Physicists see surprisingly strong light, high heat from nanogaps between plasmonic electrodes
• Humans and monkeys show similar thinking patterns
• Blood pressure connected to eye health in young children
• Soft coral garden discovered in Greenland's deep sea
• Gold mining restricts Amazon rainforest recovery
• First measurement of spin-orbit alignment on planet Beta Pictoris b
• Ecosystem degradation could raise risk of pandemics
• Researchers print, tune graphene sensors to monitor food freshness, safety
• Pregnancy stereotypes can lead to workplace accidents

Researchers look for answers as to why western bumblebees are declining Posted: 29 Jun 2020 01:41 PM PDT The decline of the Western bumblebee is likely not limited to one culprit but, instead, due to several factors that interact such as pesticides, pathogens, climate change and habitat loss.

Asteroid impact, not volcanoes, made the Earth uninhabitable for dinosaurs Posted: 29 Jun 2020 12:05 PM PDT Modelling of the Chicxulub asteroid impact 66 million years ago shows it created a world largely unsuitable for dinosaurs to live in.

Team dramatically reduces image analysis times using deep learning, other approaches Posted: 29 Jun 2020 12:05 PM PDT Scientists have devised deep-learning and other approaches that dramatically reduce image-analysis times by orders of magnitude -- in some cases, matching the speed of image data acquisition itself.

New eye drops may prevent a common cause of blindness Posted: 29 Jun 2020 11:00 AM PDT New eye drops could prevent vision loss after retinal vein occlusion, a major cause of blindness for millions of adults, a study has found.

Microbiome confers resistance to cholera Posted: 29 Jun 2020 10:20 AM PDT Many parts of the world are in the midst of a deadly pandemic of cholera, an extreme form of watery diarrhea. Scientists have discovered specific gut bacteria make some people resistant to it -- a finding that could save lives.

SwRI scientists demonstrate speed, precision of in situ planetary dating device Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:40 AM PDT Scientists have increased the speed and accuracy of a laboratory-scale instrument for determining the age of planetary specimens onsite. The team is progressively miniaturizing the Chemistry, Organics and Dating Experiment (CODEX) instrument to reach a size suitable for spaceflight and lander missions.

Artificial intelligence identifies, locates seizures in real-time Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:40 AM PDT Research has shown that understanding brain activity as a network instead of readings from an EEG allow for more accurate and efficient detection of seizures in real-time.

The gut shields the liver from fructose-induced damage Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT After one consumes food or a beverage containing fructose, the gastrointestinal system, or gut, helps to shield the liver from damage by breaking down the sugar before it reaches the liver, according to a new multi-center study. However, the consumption of too much fructose -- particularly in a short period of time -- can overwhelm the gut, causing fructose to ''spill over'' into the liver, where it wreaks havoc and causes fatty liver, researchers discovered.

Historic floods reveal how salt marshes can protect us Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT By digging into major historic records of flood disasters, a research team reveals that the value of nature for flood defense has actually been evident for hundreds of years.

Excessive sugar intake linked with unhealthy fat deposits Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Sugar consumption is linked with larger fat deposits around the heart and in the abdomen, which are risky for health.

Declining eyesight improved by looking at deep red light Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Staring at a deep red light for three minutes a day can significantly improve declining eyesight, finds a new study, the first of its kind in humans.

New solar forecasting model performs best Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT A new mathematical model for predicting variations in solar irradiance has been developed. It may help to promote more efficient use of electricity from solar energy. In tests of various data models, the model proved capable of making highly reliable forecasts, and emerged as the best for this purpose in some respects.

The magnetic history of ice Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT The history of our planet has been written, among other things, in the periodic reversal of its magnetic poles. Scientists propose a new means of reading this historic record: in ice. Their findings could lead to a refined probing ice cores and, in the future, might be applied to understanding the magnetic history of other bodies in our solar system, including Mars and Jupiter's moon Europa.

Ladder falls have long-lasting consequences for older men Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT In the world's first study of long-term impacts from ladder falls, researchers have found half of fallers experience a deterioration in their psychological well-being for at least six months after the incident.

Quantum physics provides a way to hide ignorance Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Students can hide their ignorance and answer questions correctly in an exam without their lack of knowledge being detected by teachers -- but only in the quantum world.

Study finds exercise increases benefits of breast milk for babies Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT A new study finds even moderate exercise during pregnancy increases a compound in breast milk that reduces a baby's lifelong risks of serious health issues such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease.

New extinct family of giant wombat relatives discovered in Australian desert Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT A giant marsupial that roamed prehistoric Australia 25 million years ago is so different from its wombat cousins that scientists have had to create a new family to accommodate it.

Bioengineered uteri support pregnancy Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Scientists were able to show that bioengineered uteri in an animal model developed the native tissue-like structures needed to support normal reproductive function.

Air pollution's connection to infant mortality Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT The study of sub-Saharan Africa finds that a relatively small increase in airborne particles significantly increase infant mortality rates. A cost-effective solution may lie in an exotic-sounding proposal.

Producing a gaseous messenger molecule inside the body, on demand Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Method could shed light on nitric oxide's role in the neural, circulatory, and immune systems.

Global warming will cause ecosystems to produce more methane than first predicted Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT New research suggests that as the Earth warms natural ecosystems such as freshwaters will release more methane than expected from predictions based on temperature increases alone.

Multifunctional nanofiber protects against explosions, extreme temps Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Researchers have developed a lightweight, multifunctional nanofiber material that can protect wearers from both extreme temperatures and ballistic threats.

Why some words may be more memorable than others Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT In a recent study of epilepsy patients and healthy volunteers, researchers found that our brains may withdraw some common words, like ''pig,'' ''tank,'' and ''door,'' much more often than others, including ''cat,'' ''street,'' and ''stair.'' By combining memory tests, brain wave recordings, and surveys of billions of words published in books, news articles and internet encyclopedia pages, the researchers not only showed how our brains may recall words but also memories of our past experiences.

Laser-welded sugar: Sweet way to 3D-print blood vessels Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Bioengineers have shown they can keep densely packed cells alive in lab-grown tissues by creating complex networks of branching blood vessels from templates of 3D-printed sugar.

Wearable-tech glove translates sign language into speech in real time Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:02 AM PDT Bioengineers have designed a glove-like device that can translate American Sign Language into English speech in real time though a smartphone app. The system includes a pair of gloves with thin, stretchable sensors that run the length of each of the five fingers. These sensors, made from electrically conducting yarns, pick up hand motions and finger placements that stand for individual letters, numbers, words and phrases.

Engineers use 'DNA origami' to identify vaccine design rules Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT Using DNA origami as a virus-like scaffold, researchers designed an HIV-like particle that provokes a strong response from human immune cells grown in the lab. They are now testing this approach as a potential vaccine candidate in live animals, and adapting it to SARS-CoV-2, as well as other pathogens.

New 3D model shows how the paradise tree snake uses aerial undulation to fly Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT For more than 20 years, a biomedical engineering and mechanics professor has sought to measure and model the biomechanics of snake flight and answer questions about them, like that of aerial undulation's functional role.

Even minor heart defects are associated with long-term problems in adulthood Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT Long-term morbidity as well as a lower level of education and employment rate are common among adults who underwent congenital heart surgery during childhood, regardless of the severity of the defect.

Wrapping up hydrophobic hydration Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT Studied in detail, the embedding of hydrophobic molecules in water looks quite different than previously assumed.

Responses to cyberbullying Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT It is well-known that victims of bullying can have higher risks of future health and social problems. However, different victims experience a broad range of responses and some may not suffer at all. Researchers felt this implied there might be factors that could protect against some consequences of bullying. In a study of over 6,000 adolescents in Japan, they found a strong candidate in the moderation of what is known as emotional competence.

How volcanoes explode in the deep sea Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT Explosive volcanic eruptions are possible deep down in the sea -- although the water masses exert enormous pressure there.

Bleaching affects aquarium corals, too Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT A world-first study examines the temperature thresholds of Australian aquarium corals and finds they are at risk under climate change.

Clostridium difficile: Fecal microbial transplantation more effective and less costly than antibiotics Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT An innovative treatment for patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) which uses transplanted gut bacteria to treat the infection, is a more effective and more cost-efficient treatment than using antibiotics, a new study has found.

Engineered immune cells recognize, attack human and mouse solid-tumor cancer cells Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT CAR-T therapy has been used successfully in patients with blood cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia. It modifies a patient's own T-cells by adding a piece of an antibody that recognizes unique features on the surface of cancer cells. In a new study, researchers report that they have dramatically broadened the potential targets of this approach - their engineered T-cells attack a variety of solid-tumor cancer cells from humans and mice.

Physicists see surprisingly strong light, high heat from nanogaps between plasmonic electrodes Posted: 29 Jun 2020 09:01 AM PDT Physicists discover that plasmonic metals can be prompted to produce ''hot carriers'' that in turn emit unexpectedly bright light in nanoscale gaps between electrodes. The phenomenon could be useful for photocatalysis, quantum optics and optoelectronics.

Humans and monkeys show similar thinking patterns Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Humans and monkeys may not speak the same lingo, but our ways of thinking are a lot more similar than previously thought, according to new research.

Blood pressure connected to eye health in young children Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Children with impaired microvascular health developed higher systolic blood pressure over the course of a four-year study. Narrowing of retinal arteries in children who began the study with normal blood pressure predicted development of high blood pressure during early childhood.

Soft coral garden discovered in Greenland's deep sea Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT A deep-sea soft coral garden habitat has been discovered in Greenlandic waters using an innovative and low-cost deep-sea video camera built and deployed by the team.

Gold mining restricts Amazon rainforest recovery Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Gold mining significantly limits the regrowth of Amazon forests, greatly reducing their ability to accumulate carbon, according to a new study. The researchers warn that the impacts of mining on tropical forests are long-lasting and that active land management and restoration will be necessary to recover tropical forests on previously mined lands.

First measurement of spin-orbit alignment on planet Beta Pictoris b Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Astronomers have made the first measurement of spin-orbit alignment for a distant 'super-Jupiter' planet, demonstrating a technique that could enable breakthroughs in the quest to understand how exoplanetary systems form and evolved.

Ecosystem degradation could raise risk of pandemics Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Environmental destruction may make pandemics more likely and less manageable, new research suggests.

Researchers print, tune graphene sensors to monitor food freshness, safety Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT Researchers are using high-resolution printing technology and the unique properties of graphene to make low-cost biosensors to monitor food safety and livestock health.

Pregnancy stereotypes can lead to workplace accidents Posted: 29 Jun 2020 06:00 AM PDT A study of pregnant women in physically demanding jobs found that their fears of confirming stereotypes about pregnant workers as incompetent, weak or less committed to their job could drive them to work extra hard, risking injury.

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